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Heroin or brown sugar is chemically diacetylmorphine or diamorphine. It is a semi synthetic opioid synthesized from the opium poppy. It is a diacetyl ester of morphine and so is called diacetyl morphine. It is usually found in its white crystalline form and is the hydrochloride salt called diacetylmorphine hydrochloride. Its heroin free base is also found as a white powder. Heroin is discretely used as both as a pain killer and as a recreational drug. It is widely used as an intravenous injection locally known as shoot up. On oral consumption the substance undergoes extensive first pass metabolism through deacetylation transforming it into a prodrug that gains entry into the systems.

As soon as the drug is injected it travels through the blood due to the presence of the acetyl groups which makes it more lipid soluble than morphine. On reaching the brain it is deacetylated into three and six monoacetylmorphine and morphine that binds to opioid receptors which results in intense euphoria, decreased pain perception and anxiolytic effects. Repeated use of the substance may result into addiction and it quickly goes to tolerance. Early addiction can be cured with sustained use of the substance as its withdrawal symptoms appear much sooner than the withdrawal effects experienced by oxycodone and hydrocodone.

The common street names for the drug are:

- black tar
- smack
- junk
- skag
- horse
- diesel
- dope
- chaw
 - chiva
- dust and others

The drug is usually administered through inhalation, transmucosal or intravenously. The drug can also be taken orally, intranasally, rectally or intramuscularly. The drug is prescribed for the relief of extreme pain. Although the drug is majorly used for recreational purposes of euphoria and relaxation. An equipotent dose cunsumed as injection shows various physiological effects inducing euphoria, ambition, nervousness, relaxation, drowsiness, or sleepiness. Observed analysis has shown that heroin gives mre and rapid tolerance in comparison to morphine. Some of the addicts consume heroin in combination with cocaine as an ijectable, smoke, snor that gives much more ruch than heroin alone. It has been notified that these combinations are more dangerous and its overdose can be fatal. The drug has numerous side effects including respiratory arrest, coma and death. It has many effects on the CNS like drowzziness, disorientation and delirium.